This paper presents a comprehensive checklist of the flora of Abyan Governorate in Yemen, providing insight into the diverse plant species found in the region. The checklist is the result of extensive analysis of published papers and field trips to various localities in the governorate. It encompasses a total of 635 species, belonging to 331 genera and 89 families, and is arranged alphabetically. The topography of Abyan province is described as varying significantly, with coastal areas, northern highlands, and middle highlands, each exhibiting distinct characteristics and vegetation. The checklist serves as a valuable resource, shedding light on the rich biodiversity present in Abyan and providing a foundation for further studies and understanding of the region's flora.